Caracterización de un sistema piloto bms basado en baterías de li-ion para aplicaciones en vehículos eléctricos

Álvaro César Guevara-Ramírez; Héctor Javier Jarquín-Flores; Alfredo Cruz-Valdiviezo; Eric Mario Silva-Cruz; Carlos Mauricio Lastre Domínguez

doi:10.61117/ipsumtec.v9i1.445

Authors

Álvaro César Guevara-Ramírez National Technological Institute of Mexico https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1279-6911
Héctor Javier Jarquín-Flores National Technological Institute of Mexico https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7342-838X
Alfredo Cruz-Valdiviezo National Technological Institute of Mexico https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3489-5116
Eric Mario Silva-Cruz National Technological Institute of Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-9682
Carlos Mauricio Lastre Domínguez National Technological Institute of Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2737-7644

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61117/ipsumtec.v9i1.445

Abstract

An open BMS for LiFePO4 batteries in EVs is presented. An experimental setup uses a 12 V–15 Ah module with Raspberry Pi Pico and INA219, calibrated against a multimeter, recording data in CSV/SQLite and calculating energy via real Δt. A hybrid SOC estimation combines OCV–SOC curve and Coulomb counting with a filter, effective in flat regions. A simulation for a 48 V–20 Ah pack with a Thévenin model assesses performance across different cycles, comparing energy, I2R losses, voltage, and SOC error against a test bench. Bench tests with a 10Ω load showed less than 2% stability. Simulations yielded SOC errors of 1.6–2.4% (MAE) and 2.4–3.1% (RMSE). The architecture is reproducible, portable to SBC, and scalable to 16S packs with appropriate sensing and isolation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Álvaro César Guevara-Ramírez , National Technological Institute of Mexico

Álvaro César Guevara Ramírez is a full-time professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at TecNM–Oaxaca Institute of Technology. He holds a Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering, with a focus on electric arc modeling for SF₆ power switches. He teaches Electromagnetic Theory, DC/AC Electrical Circuit Analysis, and Electrical Power System Modeling. His research interests include electrical power systems, electromagnetic phenomena, and electromobility projects aimed at efficient energy management. He also participates in the design and construction of medium- and low-voltage electrical installations.

Héctor Javier Jarquín-Flores , National Technological Institute of Mexico

Héctor Javier Jarquín Flores is a full-time professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at TecNM–Oaxaca Institute of Technology. He holds a Master of Science degree in Engineering, and his areas of interest focus on interconnected photovoltaic systems, smart energy management, and electromobility. His research focuses on the optimal sizing of battery-based storage systems and the evaluation of the performance of lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries. He develops simulation and optimization models aimed at improving the efficiency, quality, and stability of the electricity supply.

Alfredo Cruz-Valdiviezo , National Technological Institute of Mexico

Alfredo Cruz Valdiviezo is a three-quarter-time professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at TecNM–Oaxaca Institute of Technology. His areas of interest focus on electrical power system protection, electrical protection coordination, sizing of battery-based energy storage systems, and electrical power quality. He develops simulation and optimization models for protection coordination using overcurrent relays.

Eric Mario Silva-Cruz , National Technological Institute of Mexico

Eric Mario Silva Cruz is a graduate of the Technological Institute of Oaxaca and completed his doctoral studies at the National Institute of Astronomy and Space Physics (INAOE). He specializes in OFDM digital communications, software-defined radio, RTOS systems programming, Python, Raspberry Pi, ESP32, and FPGAs. He currently works as a professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at TecNM–Oaxaca Institute of Technology, developing research projects. He is a member of the core academic staff of the postgraduate program in Engineering Sciences.

Carlos Mauricio Lastre Domínguez , National Technological Institute of Mexico

Carlos Mauricio Lastre Domínguez, professor and researcher at the Technological Institute of Oaxaca (ITO), completed his doctoral studies at the University of Guanajuato, specializing in digital signal and image processing, optimization algorithms, advanced algorithms for artificial intelligence, and data science. He is a senior member of the IEEE, a member of the Solid-State Circuit Society (SSCS IEEE), and a Level I member of the National System of Researchers (SNI).

References

National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), “Battery Management Systems (BMS) Overview,” 2024. Disponible en: https://www.nrel.gov/ transportation/battery-management-systems.html

M. A. Hannan, M. S. H. Lipu, A. Hussain y A. Mohamed, “A review of lithium-ion battery

state of charge estimation and management system in electric vehicle applications,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 78, pp. 834–854, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.001

Krishna, T. N. V., et al. "Powering the future: Advanced battery management systems (BMS) for electric vehicles." Energies 17.14 (2024): 3360. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143360

Pattnaik, Manasi, Manoj Badoni, and H. P. Singh. "Analysis of electric vehicle battery system." 2021 4th International Conference on Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE). IEEE, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/RDCAPE52977.2021.9633532

Thangavel, Saravanakumar, et al. "A comprehensive review on electric vehicle: battery management system, charging station, traction motors." IEEE access 11 (2023): 20994-21019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3250221

Ramkumar, M. Siva, et al. "Review on Li‐Ion Battery with Battery Management System in Electrical Vehicle." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022.1 (2022): 3379574. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3379574

Challoob, Ali Falih, et al. "Energy and battery management systems for electrical vehicles: A comprehensive review & recommendations." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 42.1 (2024): 341-372. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/01445987231211943

Habib, AKM Ahasan, et al. "Lithium-ion battery management system for electric vehicles: constraints, challenges, and recommendations." Batteries 9.3 (2023): 152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9030152

Guo, Jian, and Fangming Jiang. "A novel electric vehicle thermal management system based on cooling and heating of batteries by refrigerant." Energy Conversion and Management 237 (2021): 114145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114145

Komsiyska, Lidiya, et al. "Critical review of intelligent battery systems: Challenges, implementation, and potential for electric vehicles." Energies 14.18 (2021): 5989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185989

Lipu, Molla Shahadat Hossain, et al. "Battery management, key technologies, methods, issues, and future trends of electric vehicles: A pathway

toward achieving sustainable development goals." Batteries 8.9 (2022): 119.

Ali, Muhammad Umair, et al. "Towards a smarter battery management system for electric vehicle applications: A critical review of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation." Energies 12.3 (2019): 446.

Ali, Muhammad Umair, et al. "Towards a smarter battery management system for electric vehicle applications: A critical review of lithium-ion battery state of charge estimation." Energies 12.3 (2019): 446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030446

Lin, Qian, et al. "Towards a smarter battery management system: A critical review on optimal charging methods of lithium ion batteries." Energy 183 (2019): 220-234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.06.128

Hossain Lipu, Molla Shahadat, et al. "Smart battery management technology in electric vehicle applications: Analytical and technical assessment toward emerging future directions." Batteries 8.11 (2022): 219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8110219

Xiong, Rui, Linlin Li, and Jinpeng Tian. "Towards a smarter battery management system: A critical review on battery state of health monitoring methods." Journal of Power Sources 405 (2018): 18-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.10.019

X. Hu, S. Li y H. Peng, “A comparative study of equivalent circuit models for Li-ion batteries,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 198, pp. 359–367, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.10.013

H. He, R. Xiong y H. Guo, “Online estimation of model parameters and state-of-charge of LiFePO4 batteries,” Applied Energy, vol. 89, pp. 413–420, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.08.005

G. L. Plett, “Extended Kalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based HEV battery packsPart 1: Background,” Journalof Power Sources, vol. 134, no. 2, pp. 252–261, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.02.031

O. Tremblay y L.-A. Dessaint, “Experimental validation of a battery dynamic model for EV

applications,” en Proc. IEEE VPPC, 2009, pp. 1–5.

Texas Instruments, “INA219: Zero-Drift, Bidirectional Current/Power Monitor With I2C

Interface,” Datasheet. Disponible en: https://www.ti.com/product/INA219

Raspberry Pi Ltd., “RP2040 Datasheet,” 2024. Disponible en: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2040/rp2040-datasheet.pdf

Raspberry Pi Ltd., “Raspberry Pi Pico Datasheet,” 2024.Disponible en:https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/pico/pico-datasheet.pdf

NXP Semiconductors, “PCF8574/PCF8574A Remote 8-bit I/O expander for I2C-bus,” Datasheet. Disponible en: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCF8574_PCF8574A.pdf

Raspberry Pi Ltd., “Raspberry Pi 5 Product Brief,” 2023. Disponible en:https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/

Texas Instruments, “INA219: Zero-Drift, Bidirectional Current/Power Monitor With I2C Interface,” Datasheet. Disponible en: https://www.ti.com/product/INA219